Category Archives: Montessori Principles

Montessori Monday – Control of Error

Montessori Cylinder Blocks (Photo by Jess Liotta and Colin Liotta)

Montessori Cylinder Blocks (Photo by Jess Liotta and Colin Liotta)

An important Montessori principle is control of error in the materials to give the child instant feedback. Traditional Montessori materials have a built-in control of error, but it especially helps to focus on the concept if you use DIY Montessori materials or alternatives.

Control of Error in Traditional Montessori Materials

My daughter, Christina, at age 1½ working with a Montessori cylinder block, 1992.

My daughter, Christina, at age 1½ working with a Montessori cylinder block, 1992.

A traditional Montessori material has a control of error or way for the child to check his or her own work. There are a number of benefits, including help with the child’s ability to analyze and solve problems. Control of error in the materials also aids the child’s independence, self-esteem, and self-discipline.

The Montessori cylinder block is a great example of Montessori control of error. A child will not be able to fit all the cylinders properly into a cylinder block (or a set of four cylinder blocks) if one cylinder is out of place. You’ll find an introduction to Montessori principles in this post: Become a More Successful Homeschooler By Using Montessori Principles.

Examples of Control of Error in DIY Montessori Materials

DIY Sound Cylinders (Photo from Kingdom of the Pink Princesses)

DIY Sound Cylinders (Photo from Kingdom of the Pink Princesses)

Kingdom of the Pink Princesses used red and blue cardstock to make lids for DIY sound cylinders from chocolate pudding containers. Matching color-coding dots were added to the bottoms of the matching containers as a control of error so the child can check that the cylinders are matched correctly. (Note: Here are more examples of DIY Montessori sound cylinders.)

DIY Smelling Bottles (Photo from Counting Coconuts)

DIY Smelling Bottles (Photo from Counting Coconuts)

Counting Coconuts has DIY smelling bottles with blue stars on the lids of half the bottles and red stars on the lids of the other half. Then Counting Coconuts used a permanent marker to create a control of error by marking the bottoms of the bottles with dots. The two peppermint scented bottles each have one dot, the two vanilla scented bottles each have two dots, etc. (Note: Here are more examples of DIY Montessori smelling bottles.)

Outdoor cards and counters for 1-10 would have exactly 55 pinecones as a control of error.

Outdoor cards and counters for 1-10 would have exactly 55 pine cones as a control of error.

With DIY cards and counters for the numbers 1-10, there are exactly 55 counters as a control of error. There will be too few or too many counters at the end if the child makes a mistake. (Note: Here you’ll find the link to this post and other examples of DIY Cards and Counters.)

Examples of Control of Error in Montessori-Inspired Activities using Printables

When you’re using printables to create Montessori-inspired activities, it’s very helpful to add a control of error whenever possible.

Geometric Solids Sorting Cards Laid Out (Photo from To the Lesson!)

Geometric Solids Sorting Cards Laid Out (Photo from To the Lesson!)

Backs of Geometric Solids Sorting Cards Showing Control of Error (Photo from To the Lesson!)

Backs of Geometric Solids Sorting Cards Showing Control of Error (Photo from To the Lesson!)

In New Life for Our Geometric Solids, To the Lesson! uses color-coding dots as a control of error so the child will know the cards are matched correctly. (Note: Here are lots of examples of Inexpensive and DIY Geometric Solids and Extensions)

The Seasons Come and Go from To the Lesson! has an activity with control of error in color-coordinated cards and ribbon.

1 Fish 2 Fish Counting Tray

1 Fish 2 Fish Counting Tray

In my Montessori-inspired One Fish, Two Fish Math Activities (my February 15 post at PreK + K Sharing), there are 21 Goldfish for the 1 Fish 2 Fish Activity (exactly enough Goldfish for each of the goldfish bowls).

Montessori-Inspired April Showers Phonics Activity

Montessori-Inspired April Showers Phonics Activity

I often color-coordinate the materials on a tray with the color of the tray (unless it’s a plain wooden tray). That makes it easier for the child to return materials to the correct tray. In my Montessori-Inspired April Showers Activities (my April 15 post at PreK + K Sharing), I added a blue color-coding dot to the back of each phonics card to correlate with the correct position of the clothespin, creating a control of error. When the child turns over each card at the end, the card’s dot should be covered with a clothespin.

Have you added a control of error to materials you’ve created?

Photo at top of post by Jess Liotta and Colin Liotta at Flickr Creative Commons.

Montessori Monday Link-Up

Montessori MondayIf you have some Montessori activity trays/lessons to share, please link up below. It’s fine to link up a post from your archives – and you may link up anytime during the week! Please place the Montessori Monday button (using the code from the right sidebar) in your post or put a link back to this post.

Let’s use Montessori Monday to gain inspiration/ideas and to encourage each other! If you would leave an encouraging comment on the post linked up ahead of you (along with any other posts you’re drawn to), that would be awesome! Thanks for participating!

Note: If you have a giveaway on your blog, please add it to my Family-Friendly Giveaway Linky Page! If you enjoy entering giveaways, you’ll always find some great giveaways there!



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Montessori-Inspired Art Appreciation

Study of Claude Monet (Photo by Julie at The Adventures of Bear)

Study of Claude Monet (Photo by Julie at The Adventures of Bear)

Even though I’m definitely drawing/painting-challenged, art appreciation is one of my favorite subjects to teach. Montessori education has wonderful ideas and resources for helping children develop an appreciation of art from the earliest age.

Montessori principles encourage parents to expose children to fine art from birth on. Dr. Montessori wanted parents and teachers to provide famous artists’ works hung at eye level for the child to learn a natural appreciation of art. A Montessori home or classroom is specially prepared to bring order and beauty into the child’s environment as well as give opportunities for children to enjoy their own individual art expression.

Montessori Ideas on Art Appreciation

Montessori Philosophy and Practice: 1-3 years – Art from Michael Olaf

Montessori Philosophy and Practice: Age 3-6+ years – Art from Michael Olaf

Art and Montessori from Birth to Age 12 from Michael Olaf

Why Should Children Study Art? from Montessori for Everyone

Studying Artists and Their Works in the Montessori Classroom from North American Montessori Center

Montessori Art from Muddle Puddle Home Education

Montessori Mama on Making and Teaching Art at The Artful Parent

Celma Perry on “Art Appreciation in the Montessori Early Childhood Classroom”

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Montessori Art Appreciation Materials

Free artist cards from Montessori Materials

Free Montessori Art Cards For Homeschoolers from That Resource Site

Child-Size Masterpieces by Aline D. Wolf (available for purchase … the art appreciation materials I used in my Montessori school and my family used and loved)

“Child-Size Masterpieces for Art Appreciation”

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Emotions in Art Lessons (Photo from Montessori Workjobs)

Emotions in Art Lessons (Photo from Montessori Workjobs)

Montessori Art Appreciation (free emotions in art cards) from Montessori Workjobs

Michelangelo Art Book (Image from Montessori Print Shop)

Michelangelo Art Book (Image from Montessori Print Shop)

Artist Cards (available for purchase) from Montessori Print Shop. Free Picasso Art Book and O’Keeffe Art Cards from Montessori Print Shop.

Artist Cards (available for purchase) from Montessori for Everyone

Art Appreciation Materials (available for purchase) from Montessori Services

Free Downloads: Montessori Art Cards and Art Appreciation from Affordable Montessori Homeschool Resources and Free Downloads

World’s Greatest Artists Unit Study (free printable) from Confessions of a Homeschooler (great printable that would be very useful in an art appreciation unit)

Essential Materials for the Montessori Art Curriculum by Andrea Coventry at Yahoo Voices and Touch the Art Board Books Article by Andrea Coventry at Children’s Books @ Suite 101

Montessori-Inspired Art Appreciation Activities

A Montessori Approach to Homeschool Art (what my family did)

Art Appreciation Posts from The Adventures of Bear (Photo at the top of this post from Artists and Art – Claude Monet)

Art Appreciation at Home (Photo from The Montessori Child at Home)

Art Appreciation at Home (Photo from The Montessori Child at Home)

Art at Home from The Montessori Child at Home

Project Montessori at Home: Displaying Art from Carrots Are Orange

Toddler Art Appreciation from Little Red Farm

John James Audubon, Astronomy: Van Gogh, Mozart & Mother Goose, Children’s Art Gallery, and A. A. Milne: Winnie the Pooh from Pirate Ships and Sealing Wax

Famous Artist Study - Miro (Photo from Inspired Montessori and Arts at Dundee Montessori)

Famous Artist Study - Miro (Photo from Inspired Montessori and Arts at Dundee Montessori)

Famous Artist posts from Inspired Montessori and Arts at Dundee Montessori

Picasso Study (Photo from Living Life Intentionally)

Picasso Study (Photo from Living Life Intentionally)

Picasso and Famous Artist: Monet from Living Life Intentionally

Artist Posts from Little Acorns

Cubism (Photo from United Montessori Association)

Cubism (Photo from United Montessori Association)

Art: Cubism to Quilt from United Montessori Association

Artist Baskets from Montessori Mama

Art Appreciation in a Montessori Classroom from Montessori Plus School

Montessori Art History Lessons from American Montessori Consulting

Have you prepared an environment and/or activities for teaching art appreciation?

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Should Montessori Education Have a Place in Your Family?

Imagination SoupWhat do you think? Please join me at Imagination Soup. I’m the guest poster there today, discussing three options for Montessori education in your family. Read my article at Imagination Soup.

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How to Start Using Montessori at Home

It seems overwhelming, I know. There are so many amazing Montessori activities and resources online, books to buy, and materials to make and buy. So, what should you do first?

I am sometimes amazed at how many resources are available on my site alone – and I link to TONS more. It becomes difficult to find them all among the many blog posts after awhile. So, here, I’ll try to put an order to some of the posts I think are most helpful if you’re trying to get started using Montessori at home for a child from birth-6. This applies to parents, grandparents, and anyone who has a special role in a child’s life.

First, read this post:

Top 10 Montessori Principles for Natural Learning

Child Washing Salad (Photo from The Montessori Child at Home)

Child Washing Salad (Photo from The Montessori Child at Home)

(Photo from M. Helps Prepare Dinner at The Montessori Child at Home)

Next, if you have an infant or are expecting an infant, read these three posts:

Will's bedroom, 1985 (Please excuse the '70s carpet!)

Will's bedroom, 1985 (Please excuse the '70s carpet!)

How to Set Up Your Home for an Infant by Using Montessori Principles

How to Prepare a Montessori Baby Room

How to Make a Treasure Basket for Your Baby

If you have a toddler, read this post:

How to Prepare a Montessori Toddler Environment at Home

Kitchen Corner (Photo from Peaceful Parenting)

Kitchen Corner (Photo from Peaceful Parenting)

(Photo from Peaceful Parenting)

If you have a preschooler, read this post:

How to Set Up a Montessori Space at Home

Juicing Oranges (Photo from How We Montessori)

Juicing Oranges (Photo from How We Montessori)

(Photo from How We Montessori)

Now, try to follow at least one of the Montessori principles that works for your child’s age and developmental level. Do it today. Don’t wait to start using Montessori at home.

Next, add to your knowledge, materials, and activities.

Gradually, start using more of the Montessori principles and activities. Add any Montessori-inspired activities online that you feel drawn to.

It’s impossible to do every wonderful Montessori idea available, so pick activities you think will be interesting and meet your child’s developmental needs. Often, you’ll feel drawn to preparing certain activities but not others.

For an infant, check out the posts and links in my infant and toddler category.

If you’re interested in starting a Montessori homeschool or just in using a number of Montessori-inspired activities at home, you’ll find lots of ideas and links to resources in these two posts:

How to Set Up a Montessori Preschool Classroom at Home

How to Set Up a Montessori Homeschool Classroom (with lots and lots of resources and links within links!)

And don’t forget my activity of the week and Montessori Monday link-up with Montessori-inspired ideas from wonderful bloggers around the world!

Buy and start using activities from two books:

Books by Maria Montessori are wonderful, but they are more abstract than many parents want in the beginning. To start using Montessori at home, my two favorite books for parents are below. You can’t go wrong in buying both:

How to Raise an Amazing Child the Montessori Way


How To Raise An Amazing Child the Montessori Way by Tim Seldin (for birth-age 6). Here’s a review I wrote: How to Raise an Amazing Child the Montessori Way (Book Review).

Montessori at Home

Montessori at Home: The Complete Guide to Doing Montessori Early Learning Activities at Home (for ages 2-6). Here’s an excerpt and example of an activity from the book: Activities with Marbles and Golf Tees. Here’s a link to many sample pages: Sample Pages for Montessori at Home. It’s only $8.95 for the 296-page e-book filled with Montessori ideas and activities. There are many ideas at the Montessori at Home site and blog as well!

Since there are so many activities in these two books alone, just start doing some activities and add on as you’re able. Again, you don’t need to have a perfect setup to start. As the slogan goes: Just do it!

UPDATE: If you’re still feeling overwhelmed, read Don’t Be Afraid to Start Using Montessori at Home.

I’d love to hear how you started or plan to start using Montessori at home! :)

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M is for Montessori

DChitwood_M_is_for_Montessori

The kind and fabulous preschool blogger Deborah Stewart at Teach Preschool recently reached 20,000 Teach Preschool Facebook members (over 21,000 now)! In honor of that event, bloggers have been publishing posts for each letter of the alphabet. In “Celebrating the ABC’s of Teaching Preschool,” what would I write, of course, but “M is for Montessori”?!

I created a word-art freebie for the occasion! To download the “M is for Montessori” word art, click here, then right click on the image and choose “Save Picture As . . .”

M is for Maria Montessori

Maria MontessoriM is for Maria Montessori (1870-1952), the first female physician in Italy, who founded a system of education based on observation of and respect for the child.

Dr. Montessori started the first Montessori school in a housing project in Rome in 1907, calling it “Casa dei Bambini” or Children’s House. Today, Montessori schools can be found throughout the world. There are both public and private Montessori schools. While Montessori preschools are most common, Montessori schools can go through high school.

“Nurturing the Love of Learning: Montessori Education for the Early Childhood Years”
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M is for Montessori Principles

Preschoolers enjoy using child-size utensils to help with baking and other food preparation.

Preschoolers enjoy using child-size utensils to help with baking and other food preparation.

The most important principle you’ll hear from Montessori philosophy is one that you can use throughout your child’s life: follow the child. “Help me to do it by myself” is another of the most commonly heard– and important – principles from Montessori education.

Many Montessori principles can be applied to any preschool situation, whether it’s at home or in a school. Parents can create a Montessori-friendly home if their child attends a Montessori school, any other type of school, or is homeschooled.

Some Montessori principles that can be applied anywhere:

  • Follow the child.
  • Respect and encourage the child.
  • Give freedom of movement (as long as children aren’t in danger or misusing that freedom).
  • Encourage independence and decision-making.
  • Provide as many opportunities for hands-on learning as possible.
  • Emphasize practical life (daily living) and sensorial activities during the preschool years.
  • Prepare and maintain an orderly and attractive environment.
  • Provide child-size materials and real child-size tools. Low shelves with materials on trays and child-size tables and chairs are important features of Montessori early-childhood education.
  • Don’t interrupt a child’s work cycle. Allow children to choose their activities and work uninterrupted to develop an ever-increasing ability to concentrate.
  • Demonstrate how to do activities.
  • Isolate the difficulty in an activity whenever possible. For example, when introducing colors, have materials that vary in color but not shape or size.

How Can Montessori Fit into Your Family?

Top 10 Montessori Principles for Natural Learning

UPDATE: How to Start Using Montessori at Home

M is for Montessori Method of Education

Montessori education works well in homeschools, too.

Montessori education works well in homeschools, too.

Montessori as a method of education can be used in homeschools as well as Montessori schools, and elements can be used in other school environments.

How to Set Up a Montessori Preschool Classroom at Home

Montessori Curriculum:

Montessori Practical Life Activities

Montessori Sensorial Activities

Montessori Language Activities

Montessori Math Activities

Montessori Cultural Activities

Montessori Techniques:

Inexpensive version of Montessori sandpaper letters that can be used to teach phonetic sounds in any preschool environment.

Inexpensive version of Montessori sandpaper letters that can be used to teach phonetic sounds in any preschool environment.

How to Help Your Preschooler Help Himself

Why is Analysis of Movement Important in Montessori Education?

How to Teach Your Preschooler Manners Using Montessori Principles

How to Teach Concepts and Vocabulary to Your Preschooler Using the Three-Period Lesson

In What Order Should You Introduce Letters to Your Preschooler?

Anyone who has young children or works with young children can relate to Maria Montessori’s words:

“The most important period of life is not the age of university studies, but the first one, the period from birth to the age six; for that is the time when man’s intelligence itself, his greatest implement, is being formed. . . . Adults work to finish a task, but the child works in order to grow, and is working to create the adult, the person that is to be.”

Photo Credits:

Cylinder Block image for word art by Hificonic imagery.

Maria Montessori photo from Wikimedia Commons.


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